Biology molecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Life exists because of biology molecules that operate fundamentally in cellular functions and biological processes. All candidates seeking ECAT admission must learn about carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins together with nucleic acids since these macromolecules fuel metabolic processes while serving as energy stores and carrying genetic information within living systems. Students become proficient in biology when they understand chemical compounds together with their biochemical connections.
Biology Molecules and Their Functions
Living organisms contain four essential biological molecular types that fulfill distinct functional roles throughout their systems.
- Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates play their two main functions as main energy fuel and structural components for cells.
- Lipids: Lipids function as energy reserves while they create cell membranes and provide insulation functions.
- Protein: The protein molecule consists of amino acids which enable enzyme reactions and provide structural support as well as cell signaling capabilities.
- Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA): Store and transmit genetic information essential for protein synthesis and inheritance.
Key Topics for ECAT Biology Molecules MCQs
1. Biochemical Basis of Life
- Structure and properties of water in biological systems.
- Role of carbon in organic molecules.
- Metabolism: Anabolic and catabolic reactions.
- Organic vs. inorganic compounds in cells.
2. Carbohydrates and Lipids
- Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Functions of starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
- Lipids: Fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Energy storage and membrane formation.
3. Proteins and Enzymes
- Amino acids and peptide bonds.
- Protein structure: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels.
- Enzyme function, specificity, and factors affecting enzymatic activity.
- Importance of proteins in biological systems.
4. Nucleic Acids and Genetic Material
- DNA and RNA structures.
- Role of nucleotides in genetic encoding.
- Central dogma: Replication, transcription, and translation.
- Molecular basis of inheritance.
MCQs for ECAT Biology Entry Test Preparation
1. A branch of Biology which deals with the study of chemical components and chemical processes in living organisms is known as ?
- Biomedical
- Biometry
- Molecular biology
- Biochemistrycorrect
2. Water is affective lubricant that provides protection against damage resulting from ?
- Injury
- Collision
- Frictioncorrect
- None of these
Question was not answered3. Carbon is the basic element of ?
- Organic compoundscorrect
- Inorganic compounds
- Covalent compounds
- Hydrated compounds
4. Human tissues contain about 20% water in bone cells and 85% in ?
- Body cells
- Cardiac cells
- Brain cellscorrect
- Muscle cells
5. All living things are made of certain chemical compounds, which are generally classified us ?
- Acids and bases
- Ionic and non ionic
- Organic and inorganiccorrect
- Polar and non polar
6. Those reactions in which simpler substances are combined together to form complex substances are called ?
- Anabolic reactionscorrect
- Catabolic reactions
- Metabolic reactions
- Chemical reactions
7. Evaporation of only two ml out of one litre of water, lowers the temperature of the remaining 998 ml by ?
- 1 Ccorrect
- 3 C
- 2.5 C
- 2 C
8. All the chemical reaction taking place within a cell are collectively called ?
- Metabolismcorrect
- Cetabolism
- Anabolism
- None of these
9. The survival of an organism depends upon its ability to take some chemicals from its environment and use them to make chemicals of its own ?
- Vital matter
- Living mattercorrect
- All of above
- Protoplasm
10. Photosynthesis, respiration, digestion and muscle contraction can all be described in ?
- Technical terms
- Biochemical termscorrect
- Psychological terms
- Mechanical terms
11. Milk,sugar,starches,paper, and root tubers are example of ?
- Lipids
- All of these
- Carbohydratescorrect
- Proteins
12. Water has great ability of absorbing heat with minimum of change in its own ?
- Structure
- Temperaturecorrect
- Atoms
- Function
13. At 25 the concentration of each of H and OH ions in pure water about ?
A=10 <sup>-7 </sup> mole/liter
B=10 <sup>-16 </sup>mole/liter
C=10 <sup>-6 </sup>mole/liter
D=10 <sup>-17 </sup>
- Acorrect
C- B
D
14. When a carbon atom combines with four atoms or radicals the four bonds are arranged symmetrically in a ?
- Tetrahedroncorrect
- Pentagon
- Hexagon
- Octahedron
15. In amino acids the peptide bond is formed by the combination of carbon with ?
- Nitrogencorrect
- Phosphorous
- Oxygen
- Carbon
16. Water works as temperature stabilizer for organisms in the environment and hence protects living material against sudden ?
- Potential changes
- Osmotic changes
- Thermal changescorrect
- Turgor changes
17. A basic knowledge of Biochemistry is essential for understanding ?
- Cytology and anatomy
- Anatomy and histology
- Physiology and cytology
- Anatomy and physiologycorrect
18. Life of an organism depends upon the ceaseless chemical activities in its ?
- Tissue
- Cellscorrect
- Body
- Nucleus of cell
19. Water also forms a fluid cushion around organs that helps to protect them from ?
- Traumacorrect
- Damages
- Lipids
- Proteins
20. Large organic molecules such as cellulose, fats proteins are also known as ?
- Poly-molecules
- Micro molecules
- Mega molecules
- Macromoleculescorrect
21. The specific heat of vaporization of water is 574 Kcal/Kg which plays an important role in the regulation heat produced ?
- Vaporization
- Transpiration
- Oxidationcorrect
- Reduction
22. C-C bonds form a skeleton of ?
- Organic moleculescorrect
- Small molecules
- Large molecules
- Frog
23. In different organisms the amount of water varies from ?
- 75 to 85
- 69 to 85
- 65 to 89correct
- 65 to 85
24. Covalent bond stores large amount of ?
- Polarity
- Energycorrect
- Electrons
- Protons
25. Almost all the reactions of a cell occur in the presence of ?
- Solution
- Catalyst
- Hormones
- Water correct
Conclusion
Success in the ECAT Biology Entry Test requires students to have a complete knowledge of Biology Molecules. Students who understand biochemical concepts about carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids become capable of analyzing both medical and research applications. The regular study of MCQs enhances problem solving abilities alongside increasing grasp of confidence for the upcoming ECAT Biology Entry Test.